Dhaka:Wildlife in the Sundarbans, particularly the Royal Bengal Tigers, faces a relentless struggle for survival against the brackish tidal waters that surge in twice daily.
According to Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha, rising sea levels driven by climate change, along with devastating cyclones, have severely threatened the existence of these animals. Increased tidal water levels and shrinking land areas heighten this struggle. Newborn spotted deer fawns and wild boar are especially vulnerable, as they are swept into rivers by strong currents where saltwater crocodiles await.
During high tides, the Royal Bengal Tigers become adept swimmers, routinely navigating between islands. However, during spring tides or when low pressure raises water levels significantly, the entire Sundarbans may be submerged, forcing animals to seek refuge on artificial mounds called 'kellas.' These mounds, often overcrowded and lacking food, become sites of silent struggle.
The changing environment is also altering tiger territories, leading to conflicts as tigers encroach on each other's areas. This territorial shrinkage, combined with reduced habitat, raises concerns about the future of the tigers. Studies indicate that if current trends persist, the Sundarbans may no longer provide suitable habitats for these tigers by 2070.
Cyclone Remal in May 2024 exemplified the ongoing challenges. It submerged the Sundarbans for about 36 hours, resulting in significant wildlife casualties and contamination of freshwater ponds, crucial for drinking water. The rising salinity is also affecting the main tree species, sundari, which impacts the deer's food source and, by extension, the tiger's food chain.
To mitigate these issues, practical measures such as building higher 'kellas,' planting salt-tolerant vegetation, and improving freshwater pond infrastructure are necessary. Increased patrolling and technological surveillance are needed to prevent poaching, while strong fencing could reduce human-wildlife conflicts. Banning human entry into core wildlife zones and regulating tourism are also recommended to protect the habitat.
Bangladesh's role in international forums on climate change remains vital, as highlighted by Prime Minister Tarique Rahman's call for global action on climate justice and adaptation support at the United Nations General Assembly. The government is also working on projects to increase freshwater flow into the Sundarbans, aiming to conserve the region's unique biodiversity.